(EXERCISE ANSWERS)
A. Choose the correct answers.
1. This is not caused by endogenous forces:
a. an earthquake
b. a volcanic eruption
c. weathering
d. tsunami
Ans. c. weathering
2. Sudden movements inside the Earth cause:
a. Floodplains
b. earthquakes
c. folding
d. meanders
Ans. b. earthquakes
3. A seismograph is an instrument used to measure the intensity the Earth cause:
a. wind
b. an earthquake
c. volcano
d. waterfall
Ans. b. an earthquake
4. Magma that comes out onto the surface of the Earth is known:
a. lava
b. loess
c. stacks
d. mantle
Ans. b. lava
5. In the course of a river, ox-bow lakes are formed in its:
a. upper course
b. middle course
c. lower course
d. mouth
Ans. b. middle course
6. Mushroom rocks are found in:
a. river valleys
b. sea shores
c. deserts
d. block mountains
Ans. c. deserts
7. Caves formed on the rocks along the coast are the work of:
a. waves
b. rivers
c. wind
d. tectonic forces
Ans. a. waves
8. Loess deposits are made by:
a. glaciers
b. rivers
c. wind
d. sea waves
Ans. c. wind
B. Mark the sentences as True or False.
1. Earthquakes and volcanoes are caused by exogenous processes.
False
2. Faults are formed when two tectonic plates push towards each other.
False
3. The point inside the Earth at which the earthquake originates is the epicenter.
False
4. A sand dune is a feature of sea erosion.
True
5. U-shaped valleys are created by rivers.
False
C. Give reasons for the following statements.
1. The surface of the Earth is in a state of constant change.
Ans. The surface of the Earth is constantly changing. These changes are caused by two types of forces.
a. Endogenic Forces
b. Exogenic Forces
2. The edges of the Pacific Ocean are called the Ring of Fire.
Ans. The edges of the Pacific Ocean are called the Ring of Fire because Volcanoes generally occur along tectonic plate boundaries.
3. Some rocks in deserts have a shape of a mushroom.
Ans. Some rocks in deserts have the shape of a mushroom because winds in deserts carry sand. Sand particles hit rocks in the desert with significant force, causing them to erode.
D. Answer in one or two sentences.
1. Differentiate between endogenic and exogenic forces.
Ans.
A) Endogenic Forces: agents of change that originate in the interior of the earth.
B) Exogenic Forces: agents of change that originate on the surface of the earth.
2. What are tectonic plates?
Ans. The rigid and brittle lithosphere, made up of the crust and the upper mantle, is broken up into several pieces called tectonic plates.
3. How are fold mountains formed?
Ans. When two plates pushed towards each other, the land that lies between them is grown up in a series of massive folds, leading to the formation of fold mountains.
4. Differentiate between the epicenter and focus of an earthquake.
Ans. A) Epicenter: The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus is called the epicenter.
B) Focus of an Earthquake: the point inside the earth at which the earthquake originates is called the focus.
5. What is gradation? Name the agents of gradation.
Ans. The aim of all exogenetic forces is to make the surface of the earth flat. Hence, they are also called agents of gradation.
Agents of gradation:- Rivers, Sea waves, Glaciers and wind.
6. What are sand dunes? Where are the found?
Ans. Fine eroded Rock material, or sand, is also deposited by the wind. Layers of sand heaped on top of each other form sand dunes. They found in desert.
7. Name three landforms formed by sea waves.
Ans. The three landforms formed by sea waves are:-
A) stacks
B) sea caves
C) arches
8. What are glaciers?
Ans. Glaciers are important agents of gradation on mountains and near the poles. Glaciers are slow-moving rivers of ice formed by the accumulation and compaction of snow over a long period of time.
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Thank you Sir
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