Exercise Answers
A. Choose the correct options to the following questions.
1. By which process the materials of broken rocks assemble at its original place?
a. Weathering
b. Transportation
c. Erosion
d. Deposition
Ans. a. Weathering
2. Where among the following winds perform its work?
a. In deserts
b. In mountains
c. In coastal areas
d. In plains
Ans. a. In deserts
3. Which is the vital factor that makes soil fertile?
a. The original rock materials
b. Humus
c. Climate
d. Man
Ans. b. Humus
B. Fill in the blanks.
1. When the rock breaks into pieces without chemical reaction is ________ weathering.
Ans. Biological
2. The process of flattening of unlevelled surface is called _______.
Ans. Surface balancing
3. With the deposition _________ lake is formed.
Ans. oxbow
4. The ________ lake in Orissa is an example of Lagoon lake.
Ans. Chilka
C. Very short answer type questions:
1. Which are the three functions of a river?
Ans. The three functions of a river are are 1. Erosion 2. Transportation and 3. Deposition
2. Which are the three stages of a river?
Ans. There are three stages of rivers young, matured and old age.
3. What is an estuary?
Ans. Some of the rivers do not form delta at their meeting point. Such rivers become wider at their meeting point with sea and the sea waves sweep away the water of the river into deep sea. These are called Estuaries.
4. What is a geyser?
Ans. Due to underground heat, water from big water sources is thrown up in the form of mountain it is called geyser.
5. How is your Yardang formed?
Ans. The Yardang formed by wind erosion.
6. What is a Lagoon?
Ans. The sea water is particularly enclosed between the coast and a bar which is known as Lagoon.
D. Short answer type questions.
1. Write the factors that help in soil formation.
Ans. The weathering and erosion process of rocks from the soil. The helping agents in soil formation or bed or parent rocks, surface shape, climate, time, vegetation and creatures.
2. What is weathering? Write the names of different types of weathering.
Ans. Weathering is a local process in which gradation and split of rocks occur at their original place.
Types of weathering
1. Physical weathering
2. Chemical weathering
3. Biological weathering
3. Differentiate between low and rapid wasting.
Ans. The process of surface sliding by weathering is called slow wasting and the process of filling up the holes is called high wasting.
4. How the V shaped valley is formed?
Ans. The V shaped valley is formed when the target of river erosion is to reach at its base level and widens its banks.
5. What are Moraines? Write its types.
Ans. When the glaciers melt and debris collect at the last end of glacier and a landform is made that is called moraine.
There are three types of Moraines
1. Lateral Moraine
2. Medial Moraine
3. Terminal Moraine
6. What is underground water level?
Ans. The rocks which hold the underground water are called saturated rocks. The level of water from which the rocks remains filled with water is called groundwater level.
E. Long answer type questions.
1. Discuss the surface balancing.
Ans. The widening and flattening of the surface is called surface balancing. Rivers, glaciers, wind, underground water and sea waves are the key agents of levelling. The surface levelling can be classified into two categories:
1. Slow wasting
2. Rapid wasting
2. What is soil erosion? Write its causes and ways to conserve soil.
Ans. The natural forces of human activities which help in removing the upper layer of soil is called soil erosion.
The erosion damages the soil most. When the cover of vegetation is removed, the upper layer of soil gets loose. The heavy rains wash away the soil contains and also flow with powerful winds. The overgrazing of domestic animals and felling of trees and clearing forest, excess use of fertilizers pesticides causes soil erosion.
Soil is the most important resource for human beings. This helps sustain many creatures and also restricts the growth of crops. The land becomes devoid of vegetation. Hence conservation of soil is a must.
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