Exercise Answers
A. Choose the correct options for the following:
1. Who founded brahmo samaj in 1828?
a. Ishwarchandra Vidyasagar
b. Swami Dyanand Saraswati
c. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
d. Keshav Chandra
Ans. c. Raja Ram Mohan Roy
2. When and by whom was the prarthana samaj founded?
a. Mahadev Govind Ranade in 1867
b. Swami Dyanand Saraswati in 1875
c. Swami Vivekananda in 1897
d. Madam blavatski in 1882
Ans. a. Mahadev Govind Ranade in 1867
3. Who founded the Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental College?
a. Nawab Abdul Latif
b. Sharimtullah
c. Iqbal
d. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
Ans. d. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
4. Who composed the song 'Vande Matram'?
a. Rabindranath Tagore
b. Swami Vivekananda
c. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
d. Swami Dyanand Saraswati
Ans. c. Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
B. Fill in the blanks:
1. In 1929 Lord William Bentinck with the help of Raja Ram Mohan Roy was passed an Act against _______ system.
Ans. Sati
2. In the year _______ Deccan education society was founded by Mahadev Govind Ranade.
Ans. 1884
3. Jyotiba Phule worked for the growth of ______.
Ans. Dalit
4. Swami Dayanand Saraswati wrote the book ________.
Ans. Satyarth Prakash
5. Ramkrishna mission was founded by __________.
Ans. Swami Vivekananda
C. Very short answer type questions:
1. Which university was founded by pandit Madan Mohan Malviya in Banaras?
Ans. Hindu University
2. Which supreme award did Rabindranath Tagore receive in 1913.
Ans. Nobel prize
3. What was the childhood name of Swami Vivekananda?
Ans. Narendranath Dutta
D. Short answer type questions:
1. Mention two works taken by Raja Ram Mohan Roy for social upliftment.
Ans. He was against the sati system. He was a stout supporter of widow remarriage and education to all.
2. Write three important works done for the society and culture by Arya samaj.
Ans. Arya samaj played a major role in the social religious, literary and educational fields in India.
The Arya samaj opposed the child marriage and supported the widow remarriage.
3. What was the objective of Vivekananda to found the Ramkrishna Mission?
Ans. a. The main aim of the mission was to link Indian nationalism to spiritualism and serve the society.
b. The mission did commendable relief works in floods, famines and epidemics and run educational institutions.
c. This mission respect all religions and worship rights and honoured their religious devotions.
4. Mention two works done by Jyotiba Phule for the interest of dalits?
Ans. 1. He Opposed untouchability and launched a movement and was able to make the society aware of the problems of the Dalits.
2. He was a staunch supporter of widow remarriage and himself set an example in this field.
5. Write two important works done by Annie Besant for the society?
Ans. 1. She thoroughly studied Indian Vedas, Purana, philosophy and literature and explaining the significance of these, she made efforts to awaken Indians.
2. She translated the Bhagavad Gita and other religious books in English and wrote several essays on the grand saga of Indian culture.
E. Long answer type questions:
1. Describe the work done by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan for the Muslim Social Reform Movements.
Ans. • Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, who stressed on the modern education for Muslims and tried to remove the system of polygamy and dependence on fate.
Sir Syed Ahmed Khan had to face opposition form Muslims fundamentalists but he did his best to bring the English and muslims closer.
In 1864 he founded the translation committee (known as science committee) which translated science, other subjects and English books in Urdu.
• In 1877 he established, Mohammedan Anglo-Oriental (MAO) College in Aligarh where teaching of science and art was imparted in English medium.
The English people also cooperated in the development of college and many teachers from England visited to educate students.
2. Describe the Sikh Movement.
Ans. • Inspired by the Western education and reform movements, Sikhs also started efforts to bring changes in the society and community.
• The Gurudwaras were under the control of priests and mahants and they treated these as their own property.
• The movement was led by the Shiromani Gurdwara Prabandhak Committee and Akali Dal aimed at handing over the control of the gurudwaras to representatives of the Sikh community.
• The movement was led on peaceful lines and got peoples support.
• The mass efforts led to enactment of law in 1925 which gave the right of managing Gurudwaras to the Shiromani Gurdwara parbandhak committee.
3. What were the impacts of social and religious movements of 19th century on Indian society. Elaborate them.
Ans. • Rise in interest in the study of modern education, science and literature.
• Rise in numbers of colleges and schools in India.
• Improvement in the condition of women. The evil practices of Sati, child marriage and Purdah System were on wane and improvement in education.
• The move to return to Vedic study and cultural spirit provided the stability to the feeling for freedom and nationalism.
• These reforms brought a new awakening in India and created cultural awareness.
4. Write in detail about the development in the field of science in 19th century.
Ans. • Mahendranath Sarkar was the first medical student in India and he founded "the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science" in 1876. This became the premier organisation for the promotion and popularization of science.
• In the 20th century Indian Science Congress association was set up which drew scientist from across the country on one platform.
• In physics Chandrashekhar Venkat Raman, in statistics Praful Chandra Mahalnovis and Shrinivas Ramanujan in mathematics and made significant contribution.
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